Contributions by:

Mark Luccarelli

Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance Through Twentieth-century Europe, By Victoria De Grazia

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One of the fundamental ideas of late 20th century America was that the collapse of actually existing communism reflected a permanent turn in human affairs. Francis Fukuyama called it “the end of history”: the exhaustion of alternatives to the liberal democratic state in the form we see it today. Proclaimed in 1989 as the Soviet…

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